Dynamic additional demodulation reference signal configuration

ABSTRACT

A system can configure a first number of demodulation reference signal positions in radio resource control information as part of a connection setup with a user equipment that is configured to facilitate first broadband cellular communications. The system can, after attaching the user equipment, send, to the user equipment, a medium access control control element message indicative of modifying the first number of demodulation reference signal positions to a second number of demodulation reference signal positions. The system can conduct second broadband cellular communications with the user equipment according to the second number of demodulation reference signal positions, wherein a throughput of the second broadband cellular communications is determined as a function of a size of a transport block set based on the second number of demodulation reference signal positions.

BACKGROUND

In cellular broadband communications, a user equipment and a corenetwork can communicate to configure a protocol to use in making furthercommunications.

SUMMARY

The following presents a simplified summary of the disclosed subjectmatter in order to provide a basic understanding of some of the variousembodiments. This summary is not an extensive overview of the variousembodiments. It is intended neither to identify key or critical elementsof the various embodiments nor to delineate the scope of the variousembodiments. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of thedisclosure in a streamlined form as a prelude to the more detaileddescription that is presented later.

An example system can operate as follows. The system can configure afirst number of demodulation reference signal positions in radioresource control information as part of a connection setup with a userequipment that is configured to facilitate first broadband cellularcommunications. The system can, after attaching the user equipment,send, to the user equipment, a medium access control control elementmessage indicative of modifying the first number of demodulationreference signal positions to a second number of demodulation referencesignal positions. The system can conduct second broadband cellularcommunications with the user equipment according to the second number ofdemodulation reference signal positions, wherein a throughput of thesecond broadband cellular communications is determined as a function ofa size of a transport block set based on the second number ofdemodulation reference signal positions.

An example method can comprise, after attaching a user equipment that isconfigured to facilitate first broadband cellular communications,sending, by a system comprising a processor, and to the user equipment,a medium access control control element message indicative of a firstnumber of demodulation reference signal positions that was establishedas part of a connection setup being modified to a second number ofdemodulation reference signal positions. The method can further compriseconducting, by the system, broadband cellular communications with theuser equipment according to the second number of demodulation referencesignal positions.

An example non-transitory computer-readable medium can compriseinstructions that, in response to execution, cause a system comprising aprocessor to perform operations. These operations can comprise, afterattaching a user equipment that is configured to facilitate firstbroadband cellular communications, sending, to the user equipment, amedium access control control element message indicative of a modifiednumber of demodulation reference signal positions that was establishedas part of a connection setup. These operations can further compriseconducting broadband cellular communications with the user equipmentaccording to the modified number of demodulation reference signalpositions.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Numerous embodiments, objects, and advantages of the present embodimentswill be apparent upon consideration of the following detaileddescription, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, inwhich like reference characters refer to like parts throughout, and inwhich:

FIG. 1 illustrates an example demodulation reference signal (DMRS)downlink configuration information element that can facilitate dynamicadditional DMRS configuration in accordance with an embodiment of thisdisclosure;

FIG. 2 illustrates an example DMRS uplink configuration informationelement that can facilitate dynamic additional DMRS configuration inaccordance with an embodiment of this disclosure;

FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate an example additional DMRS configuration thatcan facilitate dynamic additional DMRS configuration in accordance withan embodiment of this disclosure;

FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate another example additional DMRS configurationthat can facilitate dynamic additional DMRS configuration in accordancewith an embodiment of this disclosure;

FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate another example additional DMRS configurationthat can facilitate dynamic additional DMRS configuration in accordancewith an embodiment of this disclosure;

FIGS. 6A and 6B illustrate another example additional DMRS configurationthat can facilitate dynamic additional DMRS configuration in accordancewith an embodiment of this disclosure;

FIG. 7 illustrates an example system architecture that can facilitatedynamic additional DMRS configuration in accordance with an embodimentof this disclosure;

FIG. 8 illustrates an example Medium Access Control Control Elementmessage format for activation/deactivation of additional DRMSinformation, and that can facilitate dynamic additional DMRSconfiguration in accordance with an embodiment of this disclosure.

FIGS. 9A and 9B illustrate an example signal flow for dynamic additionalDMRS configuration for a downlink, and that can facilitate dynamicadditional DMRS configuration in accordance with an embodiment of thisdisclosure;

FIGS. 10A and 10B illustrates an example signal flow for dynamicadditional DMRS configuration for a uplink, and that can facilitatedynamic additional DMRS configuration in accordance with an embodimentof this disclosure;

FIG. 11 illustrates an example process flow that can facilitate dynamicadditional DMRS configuration, in accordance with an embodiment of thisdisclosure;

FIG. 12 illustrates another example process flow that can facilitatedynamic additional DMRS configuration, in accordance with an embodimentof this disclosure;

FIG. 13 illustrates another example process flow that can facilitatedynamic additional DMRS configuration, in accordance with an embodimentof this disclosure;

FIG. 14 illustrates an example block diagram of a computer operable toexecute an embodiment of this disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The examples described herein can generally relate to actions taken by abase station in communicating with a user equipment to dynamicallyconfigure additional demodulation reference signals. This dynamicconfiguration of additional demodulation reference signals can beestablished via a Medium Access Control Control Element (MAC-CE)message. In some examples, a MAC-CE message is sent at a MAC layer ofcellular communications. Communications conducted at a MAC layer can befaster as compared to, for example, Radio Resource Control (RRC) layercommunications.

In some examples of cellular communications, RRC and Non-access stratum(NAS) layer messages can be used to exchange signaling between a basestation and user equipment. A MAC layer communication path can beanother such path. In MAC layer communications, unique MAC structurescan be defined that carry certain control information. In some examples,a unique MAC structure can be implemented to carry control information,and this structure can be referred to as a MAC-CE.

A MAC-CE can work between a base station (MAC) and a user equipment(MAC) for fast signaling communication exchange without involving highercommunication layers.

It can be appreciated that corresponding actions can be taken by userequipment to also dynamically configure additional demodulationreference signals.

The examples herein generally relate to 5G cellular communicationsnetworks. It can be appreciated that the present techniques can beapplied to other types of cellular communications networks fordynamically configuring additional demodulation reference signals(DMRSes).

A DMRS can be utilized by a 5G new radio (NR) receiver to producechannel estimates for demodulation of an associated physical channel Adesign and mapping of each DMRS can be specific to each 5G physicalchannel (e.g., physical broadcast channel (PBCH), physical downlinkcontrol channel (PDCCH), physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH),physical uplink control channel (PUSCH), and physical uplink sharedchannel (PUCCH)). DMRS can be user equipment (UE) specific, and betransmitted on demand In some examples, a DMRS does not extend outsideof a scheduled physical resource of a channel it supports. DMRS cansupport massive multi-user multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO).DMRS can be beamformed and, in some examples, support up to 12orthogonal layers. A DMRS sequence for a cyclic-prefix orthogonalfrequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) version can be quadraturephase shift keying (QPSK) based on Gold Sequences.

With respect to PDSCH, DMRS can comprise front-loaded DMRS symbols(e.g., either 1 or 2) that are located as follows:

1. Slot based (DMRS mapping type-A): This can be a fixed orthogonalfrequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol regardless of PDSCHassignment and that is configurable between lo={2,3}.2. Non-slot based (DMRS mapping type-B): This can be a first OFDM symbolassigned for PDSCH—e.g., mini slots.

In some examples, additional DMRS symbols can be configured in scenariossuch as high-speed mobility (e.g., handover); when downlink (DL)/uplink(UL) block error ratio (BLER) is high, and UE-reported channel conditionis poor; and when a UE is located on a cell edge, and, because of that,the UE is not able to decode or send DL and UL packets.

With regard to PUSCH DMRS, in an uplink, it can be that two waveformtypes are supported (e.g., CP-OFDM, and discrete Fouriertransform-spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(DFT-S-OFDM)). A gold sequence can be used in CP-OFDM, and a Zadoff-Chusequence can be used in DFT-S-OFDM. Front loaded DMRS symbols (e.g.,either 1 or 2) can be located at a first OFDM symbol that is assignedfor PUSCH.

The present techniques can be implemented to solve the followingproblems.

One problem that can be solved by implementing the present techniquescan be when a 5G base station (sometimes referred to as gNodeB or gNB;or more generally a base station) includes an dmrs-AdditionalPositioninformation element (IE) using DMRS-DownlinkConfig and DMRS-UplinkConfigfor downlink and uplink, respectively, during UE attach or anotherUE-specific procedure, then that configuration can stay with the UEduring the lifetime of the scenario unless it is modified by a radioresource control (RRC) modification procedure.

A dmrs-AdditionalPosition IE for DL and UL is indicated in FIGS. 1 and 2, respectively. That is, FIG. 1 illustrates an example DMRS downlinkconfiguration information element 100 that can facilitate dynamicadditional DMRS configuration in accordance with an embodiment of thisdisclosure. In example DMRS downlink configuration information element100, there is dmrs-AdditionalPosition 102.

And FIG. 2 illustrates an example DMRS uplink configuration informationelement 200 that can facilitate dynamic additional DMRS configuration inaccordance with an embodiment of this disclosure. In In example DMRSuplink configuration information element 200, there isdmrs-AdditionalPosition 202.

Once this configuration is received by the UE, then the gNB and the UEcan consider that configuration while determining a transport block (TB;which can generally determine data throughput of the UE). A TB can varybased on a number of additional DMRS positions that are configured.

Data throughput (TP) can be inversely proportional to a number ofconfigured additional DMRS positions—that is, where more additional DMRSsymbols are configured then there can be less data throughput.

FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate an example additional DMRS configuration 300Aand 300B that can facilitate dynamic additional DMRS configuration inaccordance with an embodiment of this disclosure. Example additionalDMRS configuration 300A and 300B (as well as example additional DMRSconfiguration 400A and 400B of FIG. 4A and 4B; example additional DMRSconfiguration 500A and 500B of FIG. 5A and 5B; and example additionalDMRS configuration 600A and 600B of FIG. 6A and 6B) can have thefollowing settings:

pdsch.NumLayers=4;pdsch.MappingType=‘A’;pdsch.SymbolAllocation=[0 13]; % [startSymbol Length]dmrs.DMRSconfigurationType=1;dmrs.DMRSLength=1;dmrs.DMRSTypeAPosition=2;dmrs.NumCDMGroupsWithoutData=2;dmrs.NIDNSCID=10;dmrs.NSCID=0;

Additionally, example additional DMRS configuration 300A and 300B has“dmrs.DMRSAdditionalPosition=0;” which indicates that there are noadditional DMRS positions configured. This configuration is illustratedin additional DMRS configuration 300A and 300B, which comprises port1000 302A (with subcarriers 304A and OFDM symbols 306A); port 1001 302B(with subcarriers 304B and OFDM symbols 306B); port 1002 302C (withsubcarriers 304C and OFDM symbols 306C); and port 1003 302D (withsubcarriers 304D and OFDM symbols 306D).

Example additional DMRS configuration 300A and 300B also comprisesdynamic additional DMRS configuration component 310 (which can comprisea computer component that implements the present techniques) and key308. As depicted, FIGS. 3A and 3B relate to a 4-port antennaconfiguration, and dynamic additional DMRS configuration component 310can comprise a 4-port dynamic additional DMRS configuration component.

FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate another example additional DMRS configuration400A and 400B that can facilitate dynamic additional DMRS configurationin accordance with an embodiment of this disclosure.

Example additional DMRS configuration 400A and 400B has“dmrs.DMRSAdditionalPosition=1;” which indicates that there is oneadditional DMRS position configured. This configuration is illustratedin additional DMRS configuration 400A and 400B, which comprises port1000 402A (with subcarriers 404A and OFDM symbols 406A); port 1001 402B(with subcarriers 404B and OFDM symbols 406B); port 1002 402C (withsubcarriers 404C and OFDM symbols 406C); and port 1003 402D (withsubcarriers 404D and OFDM symbols 406D).

Example additional DMRS configuration 400A and 400B also comprisesdynamic additional DMRS configuration component 410 (which can comprisea computer component that implements the present techniques) and key408.

FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate another example additional DMRS configuration500A and 500B that can facilitate dynamic additional DMRS configurationin accordance with an embodiment of this disclosure.

Example additional DMRS configuration 500A and 500B has“dmrs.DMRSAdditionalPosition=2;” which indicates that there are twoadditional DMRS positions configured. This configuration is illustratedin additional DMRS configuration 500A and 500B, which comprises port1000 502A (with subcarriers 504A and OFDM symbols 506A); port 1001 502B(with subcarriers 504B and OFDM symbols 506B); port 1002 502C (withsubcarriers 504C and OFDM symbols 506C); and port 1003 502D (withsubcarriers 504D and OFDM symbols 506D).

Example additional DMRS configuration 500A and 500B also comprisesdynamic additional DMRS configuration component 510 (which can comprisea computer component that implements the present techniques) and key508.

FIGS. 6A and 6B illustrate another example additional DMRS configuration600A and 600B that can facilitate dynamic additional DMRS configurationin accordance with an embodiment of this disclosure.

Example additional DMRS configuration 600A and 600B has“dmrs.DMRSAdditionalPosition=3;” which indicates that there are threeadditional DMRS positions configured. This configuration is illustratedin additional DMRS configuration 600A and 600B, which comprises port1000 602A (with subcarriers 604A and OFDM symbols 606A); port 1001 602B(with subcarriers 604B and OFDM symbols 606B); port 1002 602C (withsubcarriers 604C and OFDM symbols 606C); and port 1003 602D (withsubcarriers 604D and OFDM symbols 606D).

Example additional DMRS configuration 600A and 600B also comprisesdynamic additional DMRS configuration component 610 (which can comprisea computer component that implements the present techniques) and key608.

In the example of FIGS. 3A and 3B, there is no additional DMRSconfigured. In the example of FIGS. 4A and 4B, there is one additionalDMRS symbol configured. In the example of FIGS. 5A and 5B, there are twoadditional DMRS symbols configured. In the example of FIGS. 6A and 6B,there are three additional DMRS symbols configured. So, in theseexamples, data throughput in FIGS. 3A and 3B can be greater than inFIGS. 4A and 4B, which can be greater than in FIGS. 5A and 5B, which canbe greater than in FIGS. 6A and 6B.

As part of dynamically configuring additional DMRS positions, acomponent (e.g., dynamic additional DMRS configuration component 310 ofFIGS. 3A and 3B) can dynamically switch between the configurations ofFIGS. 4A and 4B, 5A and 5B, and 6A and 6B

One problem with additional DMRS configuration can be physical resourceblock (PRB) wastage because of an unnecessarily-configured higheradditional DMRS position. Implementing the present techniques todynamically change the additional DMRS position can be implemented tosolve this problem.

Take an example where, during UE attach, a gNB configured an additionalDMRS configuration in pos3 (indicating 3 additional DMRS symbols). Whereradio/channel condition is good, where the UE is reporting a channelquality indicator (CQI), and UL and DL data BLER % are under 1%(indicating that a PDSCH and PUSCH packet decoding success rate ishigh), then having 3 symbols for additional DMRS can negatively impactdata throughput.

Some prior approaches do not allow changing this configurationdynamically, and because of that, the gNB can be unnecessarily wasting aphysical resource block.

Another problem with additional DMRS configuration can relate tofrequent UE release, or a UE performing a RRC reestablishment procedurebecause channel condition is poor. Implementing the present techniquesto dynamically change the additional DMRS position can be implemented tosolve this problem.

Take an example where, during UE attach, the gNB has not configured anadditional DMRS configuration in DL and or UL. Where radio/channelcondition is poor, where the UE is reporting CQI and UL and DL BLER % ishigh (e.g., >20%, which can indicate that a success rate of decodingPDSCH and PUSCH packets is poor), it can be that the UE or gNB canperform a UE release or RRC reestablishment procedure. This procedurecan take a long time to restore the connection. This problem can beavoided by dynamically configuring additional DMRS positions to sustainthe connection. In some prior approaches, this configuration cannot bedynamically altered.

Another problem with additional DMRS configuration can relate to ahigh-speed mobility (handover) scenario. In a high-speed handoverscenario, channel/radio condition can be kept on very frequently, tosustain and maintain good quality for a call. Additional DMRS symbolscan be adapted dynamically based on reported CQI and BLER, to achievegood throughput, while also not compromising by wasting physicalresources.

Another problem with additional DMRS configuration can relate to ascenario where a UE is located at a cell edge. It can be that, when a UEis located at a cell edge, the UE's channel quality is subpar, BLER %can be high. To improve this condition, a gNB can quickly adapt anadditional DMRS configuration. It can be that adapting a DMRSconfiguration based on link adaptation is not supported by priorapproaches.

The present techniques for dynamic additional DMRS configuration can beimplemented as follows.

In some examples, an IE in UE capability for downlink and uplink can beimplemented to support dynamic additional DMRS configuration. An IE(“dynamicAdditionalDMRS Support”) for downlink can be implemented inFeatureSetDownlink. Where a UE supports this IE, it can mean that the UEsupports dynamic additional DMRS configuration change in the downlinkdirection.

An IE (“dynamicAdditionalDMRSSupport”) for uplink can be implemented inFeatureSetUplink. Where a UE supports this IE, it can mean that the UEsupports dynamic additional DMRS configuration change in the uplinkdirection.

In some examples, an IE (“dynamicAdditionalDmrsSupport”) can beimplemented in PDSCH-Config for downlink, and in PUSCH-Config foruplink.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example system architecture 700 that canfacilitate dynamic additional DMRS configuration in accordance with anembodiment of this disclosure. System architecture comprises gNB 702, UE704, CQI processing 706, inner loop link adaptation (ILLA) 708, and gNBouter loop link adaptation (OLLA) 710 (which, in some examples, can moregenerally be a base station outer loop link adaptation).

In some examples, gNB 702 can determine additional DMRS informationdynamically, as follows. As depicted in FIG. 7 , where UE 704 isreporting channel quality using CQI, and hybrid automatic repeat request(HARQ) feedback (e.g., acknowledgment (ACK), negative acknowledgment(NACK), and discontinuous transmission (DTX)) for data transmissionthen, OLLA 710 can handle the HARQ feedback, and CQI processing 706 canhandle CQI reported by UE 704.

Based on these two inputs, ILLA 708 can determine a modulation codingscheme (MCS) and additional DMRS position to be applied to UL and DLdata transmission.

ILLA 708 can determine the MCS by considering the CQI reported by UE704, and HARQ feedback. In some examples, the higher the MCS, the betterthe channel/radio quality, meaning a smaller number of additional DMRSpositions configured to UE 704 using the present techniques.

Where ILLA 708 determines to use a lower MCS, meaning the channelquality reported by UE 704 is not good and BLER is high, this can meanthat ILLA 708 determines to increase the additional DMRS position inDL/UL DCI to decrease the BLER %.

The following can be communicated as part of conveying capability of aUE. A FeatureSetCombination information element can be as follows:

   -- ASN1START -- TAG-FEATURESETCOMBINATION-START FeatureSetCombination : :=        SEQUENCE (SIZE (1..maxSimultaneousBands) ) OFFeatureSetsPerBand FeatureSetsPerBand : :=          SEQUENCE (SIZE(1..maxFeatureSetsPerBand) ) OF FeatureSet FeatureSet : :=             CHOICE {   eutra                  SEQUENCE {    downlinkSetEUTRA            FeatureSetEUTRA- DownlinkId,    uplinkSetEUTRA              FeatureSetEUTRA- UplinkId   },  nr                   SEQUENCE {     downlinkSetNRFeatureSetDownlinkId,     uplinkSetNR                FeatureSetUplinkId  } } -- TAG-FEATURESETCOMBINATION-STOP -- ASN1STOP

An IE, FeatureSetDownlink, can indicate a set of features that a UEsupports on carriers corresponding to one band entry in a bandcombination. A FeatureSetDownlink IE can be as follows:

-- ASN1START -- TAG-FEATURESETDOWNLINK-START FeatureSetDownlink : :=              SEQUENCE {   featureSetListPerDownlinkCC             SEQUENCE (SIZE (1..maxNrofServingCells) ) OFFeatureSetDownlinkPerCC-Id,   intraBandFreqSeparationDLFreqSeparationClass OPTIONAL,   scalingFactor ENUMERATED {f0p4, f0p75,f0p8} OPTIONAL,   crossCarrierScheduling-OtherSCS ENUMERATED {supported}OPTIONAL,   scellWithoutSSB ENUMERATED {supported} OPTIONAL,  csi-RS-MeasSCellWithoutSSB ENUMERATED {supported} OPTIONAL,.....................   -- An IE to indicate UE capability to supportdownlink dynamic additional DMRS feature.   dynamicAdditionalDMRSSupportENUMERATED {supported} OPTIONAL, .....................   dummy1ENUMERATED {supported} OPTIONAL,   dummy6 SEQUENCE (SIZE(1..maxNrofCodebooks) ) OF DummyD OPTIONAL,   dummy 7 SEQUENCE (SIZE(1..maxNrofCodebooks) ) OF DummyE OPTIONAL } --TAG-FEATURESETDOWNLINK-STOP -- ASN1STOP

In a FeatureSetDownlink IE, a UE can set a dynamicAdditionalDMRS Supportfield to support where the UE is capable of supporting downlinkadditional DMRS features.

An IE, FeatureSetUplink, can indicate a set of features that a UEsupports on carriers corresponding to one band entry in a bandcombination. A FeatureSetUplink IE can be as follows:

-- ASN1START -- TAG-FEATURESETUPLINK-START FeatureSetUplink : :=            SEQUENCE {   featureSetListPerUplinkCC SEQUENCE (SIZE (1..maxNrofServingCells) ) OF FeatureSetUplinkPerCC-Id,   scalingFactorENUMERATED {f0p4, f0p75, f0p8} OPTIONAL,  crossCarrierScheduling-OtherSCS ENUMERATED {supported} OPTIONAL,  intraBandFreqSeparationUL FreqSeparationClass OPTIONAL,  searchSpaceSharingCA-UL ENUMERATED {supported} OPTIONAL,  .....................   -- An IE to indicate UE capability to supportUplink dynamic additional DMRS feature.   dynamicAdditionalDMRSSupportENUMERATED {supported} OPTIONAL,   .....................   dummy1 DummyIOPTIONAL,   supportedSRS-Resources SRS-Resources OPTIONAL,  twoPUCCH-Group ENUMERATED {supported} OPTIONAL,   dynamicSwitchSULENUMERATED {supported} OPTIONAL,   simultaneousTxSUL-NonSUL ENUMERATED{supported} OPTIONAL,   pusch-ProcessingType1-DifferentTB-PerSlotSEQUENCE {     scs-15kHz        ENUMERATED {upto2, upto4, upto7}OPTIONAL,     scs-30kHz        ENUMERATED {upto2, upto4, upto7}OPTIONAL,     scs-60kHz        ENUMERATED {upto2, upto4, upto7}OPTIONAL,     scs-120kHz        ENUMERATED {upto2, upto4, upto7}OPTIONAL   } OPTIONAL,   dummy2 DummyF OPTIONAL } --TAG-FEATURESETUPLINK-STOP -- ASN1STOP

In a FeatureSetUplink IE, a UE can set a dynamicAdditionalDMRSSupportfield to support where the UE is capable of supporting uplink additionalDMRS features.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example MAC-CE message format 800 foractivation/deactivation of additional DRMS information, and that canfacilitate dynamic additional DMRS configuration in accordance with anembodiment of this disclosure.

A MAC CE message can be sent between a base station (MAC) and userequipment (MAC) for fast signaling communication exchange, withoutinvolving upper layers.

A 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) protocol can give aprovision to send control information using a MAC-CE message (or DCI).Activation and/or deactivation of DMRS using MAC-CE can be a one-timeprocedure. That is, it can take one-time physical resources for sendingthis CE.

Example MAC-CE message format 800 comprises MAC-CE message andAdditional DMRS Position indication 820. In turn, MAC-CE message 810 cancomprise bit 812, octet 1 814, and octet 2 816. Additional DMRS positionindication 820 comprises index 822 and additional DMRS position 824.

In MAC-CE message 810, bit 812 indicates a bit number for octet 1 814and octet 2 816. There are 8 bits, numbered 0-7. Octet 1 814 can storethe following information: bit 7 can be reserved (R); bit 6 can store anidentifier for direction (D being downlink, and U being uplink); bits5-1 can store a logical channel identifier (LCID).

Octet 2 816 can store the following information: bits 7-2 can bereserved (R); and bits 1-0 can store additional DMRS position indication820.

In additional DMRS position indication 820, index 822 indicates a valuestored in bits 1-0 of octet 2 816, and additional DMRS position 824indicates a corresponding number of additional DMRS positions.

There are four possible index values in index 822, and those four valuescan be expressed in binary in the two bits of bits 1-0 of octet 2 816.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example signal flow 900 for dynamic additionalDMRS configuration for a downlink, and that can facilitate dynamicadditional DMRS configuration in accordance with an embodiment of thisdisclosure. As depicted, in signal flow 900, communications are sentbetween user equipment 902, gNB 904, and 5G core (5GC) 906 (whichcomprises access and mobility management function (AMF) 908 and userplane function (UPF) 910).

The signal flow of signal flow 900 is an example signal flow, and therecan be signal flows that implement different signals, or the signals ofsignal flow 900 in a different order, as part of facilitating dynamicadditional DMRS configuration. As depicted in signal flow 900, thefollowing occurs:

5G-NR RRC connection setup 912

Msg1:Preamble 914

Allocate temporary Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier (C-RNTI) 916

PDCCH DCI Format 1_0 [Random Access RNTI (RA_RNTI)] 918 Msg2:RandomAccess Response 920 Msg3:RRCSetupRequest 922 PDCCH DCI Format 1_0[C_RNTI] 924

Msg4:RRCSetup 926, where a dynamicAdditionalDmrsSupport[TRUE/FALSE] IEis contained in this message, and can be added as part of the presenttechniques

PDCCH DCI Format 0_0 [C_RNTI] 928 RRCSetupComplete 930 AMF Selection 932

Initial UE message [Non-Access-Stratum-Protocol Data Unit(NAS-PDU):Registration Request] 934

NAS Identity Request/Response 936 NAS Authentication Request/Response938 NAS Security Mode Command/Complete 940

UE capability enquiry 941AUE capability information, with dynamicAdditionalDmrsSupport[Supported]IE in FeatureSetDownlink 941B

Initial Context Setup Request [NAS-PDU:Registration Accept] 942

RRCReconfiguration with dynamicAdditionalDmrsSupport=TRUE inPDSCH-Config IE where UE supports this feature in downlink 944 (whichcan indicate that the UE already supports a dynamic additional DMRSfeature that is communicated by the UE in 941B as part of UE capabilityinformation; here, a gNB can add this IE in a RRCE Reconfigurationmessage)

RRCReconfigurationComplete 946 Initial Context Setup Response 948

Standalone (SA) UE attach procedure completed 950Start downlink data transfer and channel quality reporting 952Downlink data 954Downlink data 956

PDCCH DCI Format 1_1 [C_RNTI] 958

Downlink Data [Medium Access Control (MAC) PDU contains PDSCH] 960

HARQ Feedback=ACK 962 Channel State Information (CSI) Report [CQI=15]964

DL data decoding failed at UE 966

CSI Report [CQI=9, 7, 6, . . . ] 968

Channel condition gets worse 970

CSI Report [CQI=4, 5, 1, . . . ] 572 PDCCH DCI Format 1_1 [C_RNTI] 974

Downlink Data [MAC PDU contains PDSCH] 976

HARQ Feedback=NACK 978 HARQ Feedback=DTX 980

Trigger/change additional DMRS configuration using MAC-CE becausecondition met 982, where, in some examples, a condition can be CQIreporting is bad for a certain threshold and period; HARQ feedback isreported as NACK (e.g., BLER is high for a certain threshold andperiod); UE is on a cell edge; and/or UE is on high mobility

Downlink Data 984

Trigger activation/deactivation of additional DMRS information MAC-CE986

HARQ Feedback=ACK for MAC-CE 988

Determine transport block (TB) for PDSCH by considering additional DMRSinformation 990

PDCCH DCI Format 1_1 [C_RNTI] 992

Downlink Data [MAC PDU contains PDSCH] 994

HARQ Feedback=ACK 996

Downlink data 998Improvement seen in UE throughput for DL Data 999ADL Data transfer continues 999B

FIG. 10 illustrates an example signal flow for dynamic additional DMRSconfiguration for a uplink, and that can facilitate dynamic additionalDMRS configuration in accordance with an embodiment of this disclosure.

As depicted, in signal flow 1000, communications are sent between userequipment 1002, gNB 1004, and 5GC 1006 (which comprises AMF 1008 and UPF1010).

The signal flow of signal flow 1000 is an example signal flow, and therecan be signal flows that implement different signals, or the signals ofsignal flow 1000 in a different order, as part of facilitating dynamicadditional DMRS configuration. As depicted in signal flow 1000, thefollowing occurs:

5G-NR RRC connection setup 1012

Msg1:Preamble 1014

Allocate temporary C-RNTI 1016

PDCCH DCI Format 1_0 [RA_RNTI] 1018 Msg2:Random Access Response 1020Msg3:RRCSetupRequest 1022 PDCCH DCI Format 1_0 [C_RNTI] 1024

Msg4:RRCSetup 1026, where a dynamicAdditionalDmrsSupport[TRUE/FALSE] IEis contained in this message, and can be added as part of the presenttechniques

PDCCH DCI Format 0_0 [C_RNTI] 1028 RRCSetupComplete 1030 AMF Selection1032

Initial UE message [NAS-PDU:Registration Request] 1034

NAS Identity Request/Response 1036 NAS Authentication Request/Response1038 NAS Security Mode Command/Complete 1040

UE capability enquiry 1041AUE capability information, with dynamicAdditionalDmrsSupport[Supported]IE in FeatureSetUplink 1041B

Initial Context Setup Request [NAS-PDU:Registration Accept] 1042

RRCReconfiguration with dynamicAdditionalDmrsSupport=TRUE inPUSCH-Config IE where UE supports this feature in uplink 1044

RRCReconfigurationComplete 1046 Initial Context Setup Response 1048

SA UE attach procedure completed 1050Start uplink data transfer and channel quality reporting 1052Uplink data 1054Uplink data 1056

PDCCH DCI Format 0_1 [C_RNTI] 1058

Uplink Data [MAC PDU contains PDSCH] 1060CRC status=PASS for UL PUSCH data 1062Uplink data 1064Uplink data 1066

CSI Report [SNR>=10] 1068

UL data decoding failed at gNB 1070

CSI Report [SNR=5, 4, . . . ] 1072

Channel condition getting worse 1074

CSI Report [SNR=4, 2, 1, 0, −1, . . . ] 1076 PDCCH DCI Format 0_1[C_RNTI] 1078

Uplink Data [MAC PDU contains PUSCH] 1080CRC Status=FAIL for UL PUSCH because of low SNR 1082Trigger/change additional DMRS configuration using MAC-CE because of acondition 1084, where, in some examples, a condition can be UL SNRreporting is bad for a certain threshold and period; UL CRC failsbecause SNR is low (e.g., BLER is high for a certain threshold andperiod); UE is on a cell edge; and/or UE is on high mobilityUplink data 1086Trigger activation/deactivation of additional DMRS information MAC-CE1088

HARQ Feedback=ACK for MAC-CE 1090

Determine transport block (TB) for PUSCH by considering additional DMRSinformation 1092

PDCCH DCI Format 0_1 [C_RNTI] 1094

Uplink Data [MAC PDU contains PUSCH] 1096CRC Status=PASS for UL PUSCH data 1098Uplink data 1099AImprovement seen in CDC PASS for UL Data 1099BUL Data transfer continues 1099C

User equipment 1002, gNB 1004, 5GC 1006, AMF 1008, and UPF 1010 can besimilar to user equipment 902, gNB 904, 5GC 906, AMF 908, and UPF 910 ofFIGS. 9A and 9B, respectively. Signals 1012-1050 can be similar tosignals 912-950. Additionally, in signals 1012-1050, an IEdynamicAdditionalDmrsSupport can be available for downlink, and anuplink structure can be different relative to signals 912-950 of FIG.9A.

Example Process Flows

FIG. 11 illustrates an example process flow 1100 that can facilitatedynamic additional DMRS configuration, in accordance with an embodimentof this disclosure. In some examples, one or more embodiments of processflow 1100 can be implemented by gNB 904 of FIGS. 9A and 9B, gNB 1004 ofFIGS. 10A and 10B, and/or computing environment 1400 of FIG. 14 .

It can be appreciated that the operating procedures of process flow 1100are example operating procedures, and that there can be embodiments thatimplement more or fewer operating procedures than are depicted, or thatimplement the depicted operating procedures in a different order than asdepicted. In some examples, process flow 1100 can be implemented inconjunction with one or more embodiments of one or more of process flow1200 of FIG. 12 , and/or process flow 1300 of FIG. 13 .

Process flow 1100 begins with 1102, and moves to operation 1104.

Operation 1104 depicts configuring a first number of demodulationreference signal positions in radio resource control information as partof a connection setup with a user equipment that is configured tofacilitate first broadband cellular communications. This can comprise agNB (e.g., gNB 904 of FIGS. 9A and 9B) establishing a connection setupwith user equipment (e.g., UE 902 of FIGS. 9A and 9B), where theconnection setup can be similar to NR RRC connection setup 912 and/or NRRRC connection setup 1012. The first number of additional demodulationreference signal positions can be the number that are established aspart of an attach procedure.

In some examples, operation 1104 comprises, as part of the attaching theuser equipment, sending, to the user equipment, a radio resource controlsetup message that indicates support of modification of the first numberof demodulation reference signal positions after attaching. In someexamples, this radio resource control setup message can be similar toMsg4:RRCSetup 926, where a dynamicAdditionalDmrsSupport[TRUE/FALSE] IEis contained in this message, and can be added as part of the presenttechniques of FIG. 9A, and/or Msg4:RRCSetup 1026, where adynamicAdditionalDmrsSupport[TRUE/FALSE] IE is contained in thismessage, and can be added as part of the present techniques of FIG. 10A.

In some examples, an information element of the radio resource controlsetup message indicates support of the modification of the first numberof demodulation reference signal positions after attaching. That is,within the radio resource control message, adynamicAdditionalDmrsSupport[TRUE/FALSE] IE can be contained, whichindicates whether the base station supports dynamic modification ofdemodulation reference signal positions.

After operation 1104, process flow 1100 moves to operation 1106.

Operation 1106 depicts, after attaching the user equipment, sending, tothe user equipment, a medium access control control element messageindicative of modifying the first number of demodulation referencesignal positions to a second number of demodulation reference signalpositions. In some examples, this message can be similar to triggeractivation/deactivation of additional DMRS information MAC-CE 986 ofFIG. 9B (in a case of downlink communications), and/or triggeractivation/deactivation of additional DMRS information MAC-CE 1088 (in acase of uplink communications). The MAC-CE message can be similar instructure to that depicted with respect to FIG. 8 .

In some examples, operation 1106 comprises, in response to sending, tothe user equipment, the medium access control control element message,receiving, from the user equipment, a hybrid automatic repeat requestmessage that acknowledges the medium access control control elementmessage. In some examples, this hybrid automatic repeat request messagecan be similar to HARQ Feedback=ACK for MAC-CE 988 of FIG. 9B, and/orHARQ Feedback=ACK for MAC-CE 1090 of FIG. 10B.

In some examples, the medium access control control element messageindicates triggering activation of demodulation reference signalpositions. In some examples, the medium access control control elementmessage indicates triggering deactivation of demodulation referencesignal positions. That is, a MAC-CE message can be used for bothactivating and deactivating additional DRMS positions.

In some examples, operation 1106 comprises before sending, to the userequipment, the medium access control control element message indicativeof modifying the first number of demodulation reference signalpositions, receiving, from the user equipment, a user equipmentcapability message that indicates support for modification of the firstnumber of demodulation reference signal positions after attaching. Insome examples, this user equipment capability message can be similar toUE capability information, with dynamicAdditionalDmrsSupport[Supported]IE in FeatureSetDownlink 941B of FIG. 9A, and/or UE capabilityinformation, with dynamicAdditionalDmrsSupport[Supported] IE inFeatureSetUplink 1041B of FIG. 10A.

In some examples, an information element of the user equipmentcapability message indicates the support for the modification of thefirst number of demodulation reference signal positions after attaching.That is, within the user equipment capability message, adynamicAdditionalDmrsSupport[Supported] IE can be contained, whichindicates whether the user equipment supports dynamic modification ofdemodulation reference signal positions.

In some examples, operation 1106 comprises, before sending, to the userequipment, the medium access control control element message indicativeof modifying the first number of demodulation reference signalpositions, sending, to the user equipment, a radio resource controlreconfiguration message that indicates support of modification of thefirst number of demodulation reference signal positions after attaching.This radio resource control reconfiguration message can be similar toRRCReconfiguration with dynamicAdditionalDmrsSupport=TRUE inPDSCH-Config IE where UE supports this feature in downlink 944, and/orRRCReconfiguration with dynamicAdditionalDmrsSupport=TRUE inPUSCH-Config IE where UE supports this feature in uplink 1044.

This radio resource control reconfiguration message can indicate thatthe UE already supports a dynamic additional DMRS feature that iscommunicated by the UE in 941B or 1041B as part of UE capabilityinformation. Here, a gNB can add this IE in a RRCE Reconfigurationmessage.

In some examples, a physical downlink shared channel configurationinformation element of the radio resource control reconfigurationmessage indicates support of the modification of the first number ofdemodulation reference signal positions in downlink communications. Thatis, the IE can be similar to PDSCH-Config IE in RRCReconfiguration withdynamicAdditionalDmrsSupport=TRUE in PDSCH-Config IE where UE supportsthis feature in downlink 944.

In some examples, a physical uplink shared channel configurationinformation element of the radio resource control reconfigurationmessage indicates support of the modification of the first number ofdemodulation reference signal positions in uplink communications. Thatis, the IE can be similar to PUSCH-Config IE in RRCReconfiguration withdynamicAdditionalDmrsSupport=TRUE in PUSCH-Config IE where UE supportsthis feature in uplink 1044.

After operation 1106, process flow 1100 moves to operation 1108.

Operation 1108 depicts conducting second broadband cellularcommunications with the user equipment according to the second number ofdemodulation reference signal positions, wherein a throughput of thesecond broadband cellular communications is determined as a function ofa size of a transport block set based on the second number ofdemodulation reference signal positions. This can comprise the gNB usingthe dynamically configured additional DMRS positions, such as in DL datatransfer continues 999B of FIG. 9B (in a case of downlinkcommunications), and/or UL data transfer continues 1099C of FIG, 10B (ina case of uplink communications).

After operation 1108, process flow 1100 moves to 1110, where processflow 1100 ends.

FIG. 12 illustrates an example process flow 1200 that can facilitatedynamic additional DMRS configuration, in accordance with an embodimentof this disclosure. In some examples, one or more embodiments of processflow 1200 can be implemented by gNB 904 of FIGS. 9A and 9B, gNB 1004 ofFIGS. 10A and 10B, and/or computing environment 1400 of FIG. 14 .

It can be appreciated that the operating procedures of process flow 1200are example operating procedures, and that there can be embodiments thatimplement more or fewer operating procedures than are depicted, or thatimplement the depicted operating procedures in a different order than asdepicted. In some examples, process flow 1200 can be implemented inconjunction with one or more embodiments of one or more of process flow1100 of FIG. 11 , and/or process flow 1300 of FIG. 13 .

Process flow 1200 begins with 1202, and moves to operation 1204.

Operation 1204 depicts, after attaching a user equipment that isconfigured to facilitate first broadband cellular communications,sending and to the user equipment, a medium access control controlelement message indicative of a first number of demodulation referencesignal positions that was established as part of a connection setupbeing modified to a second number of demodulation reference signalpositions. In some examples, operation 1204 can be implemented in asimilar manner as operations 1104-1106 of FIG. 11 .

In some examples, the second number of demodulation reference signalpositions is configured for uplink communications of the broadbandcellular communications, and sending the message to the user equipmentis performed in response to receiving uplink data from the userequipment. That is, the additional DMRS positions can be changed foruplink communications, and determining to change the additional DMRSpositions can be made based on uplink data.

In some examples, the uplink data indicates that an uplinksignal-to-noise ratio metric does not satisfy a threshold associatedwith a predetermined quality criterion for a defined amount of time,wherein a cyclic redundancy check that corresponds to the uplink datahas failed or is failing, wherein the uplink data indicates that thesystem is connected to edge network equipment of a cellular network viawhich the broadband cellular communications are conducted, or whereinthe uplink data indicates that the system satisfies a defined physicalmovement criterion.

After operation 1204, process flow 1200 moves to operation 1206.

Operation 1206 depicts conducting broadband cellular communications withthe user equipment according to the second number of demodulationreference signal positions. In some examples, operation 1206 can beimplemented in a similar manner as operation 1108 of FIG. 11 .

After operation 1206, process flow 1200 moves to 1208, where processflow 1200 ends.

FIG. 13 illustrates an example process flow 1300 that can facilitatedynamic additional DMRS configuration, in accordance with an embodimentof this disclosure. In some examples, one or more embodiments of processflow 1300 can be implemented by gNB 904 of FIGS. 9A and 9B, gNB 1004 ofFIGS. 10A and 10B, and/or computing environment 1400 of FIG. 14 .

It can be appreciated that the operating procedures of process flow 1300are example operating procedures, and that there can be embodiments thatimplement more or fewer operating procedures than are depicted, or thatimplement the depicted operating procedures in a different order than asdepicted. In some examples, process flow 1300 can be implemented inconjunction with one or more embodiments of one or more of process flow1100 of FIG. 11 , and/or process flow 1200 of FIG. 12 .

Process flow 1300 begins with 1302, and moves to operation 1304.

Operation 1304 depicts, after attaching a user equipment that isconfigured to facilitate first broadband cellular communications,sending, to the user equipment, a medium access control control elementmessage indicative of a modified number of demodulation reference signalpositions that was established as part of a connection setup. In someexamples, operation 1304 can be implemented in a similar manner asoperations 1104-1106 of FIG. 11 .

In some examples, modifying the number of demodulation reference signalpositions is performed for downlink communications of the broadbandcellular communications, and wherein the sending, to the user equipment,the message is performed in response to receiving hybrid automaticfeedback that indicates failure or a channel quality indicator reportingmetric from the user equipment. Additional DMRS positions can be changedfor downlink communications, and a determination to change additionalDMRS positions can be based on this type of information from the userequipment. That is, when there is downlink data transmission and a gNBreceives too many HARQ feedback failures (e.g., the gNB receives NACK orDTX messages), or low CQI reporting from a UE, it can mean that the UEis on cell edge, and the UE lacks sufficient power or signal conditionsto send HARQ feedback as ACK.

In some examples, the CQI reporting metric does not satisfy a thresholdassociated with a defined threshold criterion for a defined amount oftime. That is, CQI reporting can be bad for a defined threshold valueand time period.

In some examples, the hybrid automatic feedback is being reported as anegative acknowledgement. That is, HARQ feedback can be reported asNACK.

In some examples, the hybrid automatic feedback is being reported as thenegative acknowledgement based on a block error rate metric satisfying athreshold associated with a defined threshold criterion for a definedamount of time, that there is a connection to edge network equipment ofa cellular network via which the first broadband cellular communicationsare conducted, or that a defined high mobility criterion is satisfied.That is, BLER can be high for a defined threshold value and time period;the UE can be located on cell edge; or the UE can be on high mobility.

After operation 1304, process flow 1300 moves to operation 1306.

Operation 1306 depicts conducting broadband cellular communications withthe user equipment according to the modified number of demodulationreference signal positions. In some examples, operation 1306 can beimplemented in a similar manner as operation 1108 of FIG. 11 .

In some examples, the broadband cellular communications are secondbroadband cellular communications, modifying the number of demodulationreference signal positions comprises modifying the number ofdemodulation reference signal positions from a first number ofdemodulation reference signal positions to a second number ofdemodulation reference signal positions, and a second throughput of thesecond broadband cellular communications is less than a first throughputof a first broadband cellular communication that is conducted accordingto the first number of demodulation reference signal positions. That is,data throughput can be inversely proportional to a number of configuredadditional DMRS positions, where a larger number of additional DMRSsymbols indicates a smaller data throughput.

After operation 1306, process flow 1300 moves to 1308, where processflow 1300 ends.

Example Operating Environment

In order to provide additional context for various embodiments describedherein, FIG. 14 and the following discussion are intended to provide abrief, general description of a suitable computing environment 1400 inwhich the various embodiments of the embodiment described herein can beimplemented.

For example, parts of computing environment 1400 can be used toimplement one or more embodiments of dynamic additional DMRSconfiguration component 310 of FIGS. 3A and 3B; dynamic additional DMRSconfiguration component 410 of FIGS. 4A and 4B; dynamic additional DMRSconfiguration component 510 of FIGS. 5A and 5B; dynamic additional DMRSconfiguration component 610 of FIGS. 6A and 6B; gNB 702 and/or UE 704 ofFIG. 7 ; UE 902, gNB 904, and/or 5GC 906 of FIGS. 9A and 9B; and/or UE1002, gNB 1004, and/or 5GC 1006 of FIGS. 10A and 10B.

In some examples, computing environment 1400 can implement one or moreembodiments of the process flows of FIGS. 11-13 to facilitate dynamicadditional DMRS configuration.

While the embodiments have been described above in the general contextof computer-executable instructions that can run on one or morecomputers, those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodimentscan be also implemented in combination with other program modules and/oras a combination of hardware and software.

Generally, program modules include routines, programs, components, datastructures, etc., that perform particular tasks or implement particularabstract data types. Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciatethat the various methods can be practiced with other computer systemconfigurations, including single-processor or multiprocessor computersystems, minicomputers, mainframe computers, Internet of Things (IoT)devices, distributed computing systems, as well as personal computers,hand-held computing devices, microprocessor-based or programmableconsumer electronics, and the like, each of which can be operativelycoupled to one or more associated devices.

The illustrated embodiments of the embodiments herein can be alsopracticed in distributed computing environments where certain tasks areperformed by remote processing devices that are linked through acommunications network. In a distributed computing environment, programmodules can be located in both local and remote memory storage devices.

Computing devices typically include a variety of media, which caninclude computer-readable storage media, machine-readable storage media,and/or communications media, which two terms are used herein differentlyfrom one another as follows. Computer-readable storage media ormachine-readable storage media can be any available storage media thatcan be accessed by the computer and includes both volatile andnonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media. By way of example,and not limitation, computer-readable storage media or machine-readablestorage media can be implemented in connection with any method ortechnology for storage of information such as computer-readable ormachine-readable instructions, program modules, structured data orunstructured data.

Computer-readable storage media can include, but are not limited to,random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), electricallyerasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or othermemory technology, compact disk read only memory (CD-ROM), digitalversatile disk (DVD), Blu-ray disc (BD) or other optical disk storage,magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or othermagnetic storage devices, solid state drives or other solid statestorage devices, or other tangible and/or non-transitory media which canbe used to store desired information. In this regard, the terms“tangible” or “non-transitory” herein as applied to storage, memory orcomputer-readable media, are to be understood to exclude onlypropagating transitory signals per se as modifiers and do not relinquishrights to all standard storage, memory or computer-readable media thatare not only propagating transitory signals per se.

Computer-readable storage media can be accessed by one or more local orremote computing devices, e.g., via access requests, queries or otherdata retrieval protocols, for a variety of operations with respect tothe information stored by the medium.

Communications media typically embody computer-readable instructions,data structures, program modules or other structured or unstructureddata in a data signal such as a modulated data signal, e.g., a carrierwave or other transport mechanism, and includes any information deliveryor transport media. The term “modulated data signal” or signals refersto a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changedin such a manner as to encode information in one or more signals. By wayof example, and not limitation, communication media include wired media,such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless mediasuch as acoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media.

With reference again to FIG. 14 , the example environment 1400 forimplementing various embodiments described herein includes a computer1402, the computer 1402 including a processing unit 1404, a systemmemory 1406 and a system bus 1408. The system bus 1408 couples systemcomponents including, but not limited to, the system memory 1406 to theprocessing unit 1404. The processing unit 1404 can be any of variouscommercially available processors. Dual microprocessors and othermulti-processor architectures can also be employed as the processingunit 1404.

The system bus 1408 can be any of several types of bus structure thatcan further interconnect to a memory bus (with or without a memorycontroller), a peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of a variety ofcommercially available bus architectures. The system memory 1406includes ROM 1410 and RAM 1412. A basic input/output system (BIOS) canbe stored in a nonvolatile storage such as ROM, erasable programmableread only memory (EPROM), EEPROM, which BIOS contains the basic routinesthat help to transfer information between elements within the computer1402, such as during startup. The RAM 1412 can also include a high-speedRAM such as static RAM for caching data.

The computer 1402 further includes an internal hard disk drive (HDD)1414 (e.g., EIDE, SATA), one or more external storage devices 1416(e.g., a magnetic floppy disk drive (FDD) 1416, a memory stick or flashdrive reader, a memory card reader, etc.) and an optical disk drive 1420(e.g., which can read or write from a CD-ROM disc, a DVD, a BD, etc.).While the internal HDD 1414 is illustrated as located within thecomputer 1402, the internal HDD 1414 can also be configured for externaluse in a suitable chassis (not shown). Additionally, while not shown inenvironment 1400, a solid state drive (SSD) could be used in additionto, or in place of, an HDD 1414. The HDD 1414, external storagedevice(s) 1416 and optical disk drive 1420 can be connected to thesystem bus 1408 by an HDD interface 1424, an external storage interface1426 and an optical drive interface 1428, respectively. The interface1424 for external drive implementations can include at least one or bothof Universal Serial Bus (USB) and Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers (IEEE) 1394 interface technologies. Other externaldrive connection technologies are within contemplation of theembodiments described herein.

The drives and their associated computer-readable storage media providenonvolatile storage of data, data structures, computer-executableinstructions, and so forth. For the computer 1402, the drives andstorage media accommodate the storage of any data in a suitable digitalformat. Although the description of computer-readable storage mediaabove refers to respective types of storage devices, it should beappreciated by those skilled in the art that other types of storagemedia which are readable by a computer, whether presently existing ordeveloped in the future, could also be used in the example operatingenvironment, and further, that any such storage media can containcomputer-executable instructions for performing the methods describedherein.

A number of program modules can be stored in the drives and RAM 1412,including an operating system 1430, one or more application programs1432, other program modules 1434 and program data 1436. All or portionsof the operating system, applications, modules, and/or data can also becached in the RAM 1412. The systems and methods described herein can beimplemented utilizing various commercially available operating systemsor combinations of operating systems.

Computer 1402 can optionally comprise emulation technologies. Forexample, a hypervisor (not shown) or other intermediary can emulate ahardware environment for operating system 1430, and the emulatedhardware can optionally be different from the hardware illustrated inFIG. 14 . In such an embodiment, operating system 1430 can comprise onevirtual machine (VM) of multiple VMs hosted at computer 1402.Furthermore, operating system 1430 can provide runtime environments,such as the Java runtime environment or the .NET framework, forapplications 1432. Runtime environments are consistent executionenvironments that allow applications 1432 to run on any operating systemthat includes the runtime environment. Similarly, operating system 1430can support containers, and applications 1432 can be in the form ofcontainers, which are lightweight, standalone, executable packages ofsoftware that include, e.g., code, runtime, system tools, systemlibraries and settings for an application.

Further, computer 1402 can be enable with a security module, such as atrusted processing module (TPM). For instance, with a TPM, bootcomponents hash next in time boot components, and wait for a match ofresults to secured values, before loading a next boot component. Thisprocess can take place at any layer in the code execution stack ofcomputer 1402, e.g., applied at the application execution level or atthe operating system (OS) kernel level, thereby enabling security at anylevel of code execution.

A user can enter commands and information into the computer 1402 throughone or more wired/wireless input devices, e.g., a keyboard 1438, a touchscreen 1440, and a pointing device, such as a mouse 1442. Other inputdevices (not shown) can include a microphone, an infrared (IR) remotecontrol, a radio frequency (RF) remote control, or other remote control,a joystick, a virtual reality controller and/or virtual reality headset,a game pad, a stylus pen, an image input device, e.g., camera(s), agesture sensor input device, a vision movement sensor input device, anemotion or facial detection device, a biometric input device, e.g.,fingerprint or iris scanner, or the like. These and other input devicesare often connected to the processing unit 1404 through an input deviceinterface 1444 that can be coupled to the system bus 1408, but can beconnected by other interfaces, such as a parallel port, an IEEE 1494serial port, a game port, a USB port, an IR interface, a BLUETOOTH®interface, etc.

A monitor 1446 or other type of display device can be also connected tothe system bus 1408 via an interface, such as a video adapter 1448. Inaddition to the monitor 1446, a computer typically includes otherperipheral output devices (not shown), such as speakers, printers, etc.

The computer 1402 can operate in a networked environment using logicalconnections via wired and/or wireless communications to one or moreremote computers, such as a remote computer(s) 1450. The remotecomputer(s) 1450 can be a workstation, a server computer, a router, apersonal computer, portable computer, microprocessor-based entertainmentappliance, a peer device or other common network node, and typicallyincludes many or all of the elements described relative to the computer1402, although, for purposes of brevity, only a memory/storage device1452 is illustrated. The logical connections depicted includewired/wireless connectivity to a local area network (LAN) 1454 and/orlarger networks, e.g., a wide area network (WAN) 1456. Such LAN and WANnetworking environments are commonplace in offices and companies, andfacilitate enterprise-wide computer networks, such as intranets, all ofwhich can connect to a global communications network, e.g., theInternet.

When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer 1402 can beconnected to the local network 1454 through a wired and/or wirelesscommunication network interface or adapter 1458. The adapter 1458 canfacilitate wired or wireless communication to the LAN 1454, which canalso include a wireless access point (AP) disposed thereon forcommunicating with the adapter 1458 in a wireless mode.

When used in a WAN networking environment, the computer 1402 can includea modem 1460 or can be connected to a communications server on the WAN1456 via other means for establishing communications over the WAN 1456,such as by way of the Internet. The modem 1460, which can be internal orexternal and a wired or wireless device, can be connected to the systembus 1408 via the input device interface 1444. In a networkedenvironment, program modules depicted relative to the computer 1402 orportions thereof, can be stored in the remote memory/storage device1452. It will be appreciated that the network connections shown areexample and other means of establishing a communications link betweenthe computers can be used.

When used in either a LAN or WAN networking environment, the computer1402 can access cloud storage systems or other network-based storagesystems in addition to, or in place of, external storage devices 1416 asdescribed above. Generally, a connection between the computer 1402 and acloud storage system can be established over a LAN 1454 or WAN 1456e.g., by the adapter 1458 or modem 1460, respectively. Upon connectingthe computer 1402 to an associated cloud storage system, the externalstorage interface 1426 can, with the aid of the adapter 1458 and/ormodem 1460, manage storage provided by the cloud storage system as itwould other types of external storage. For instance, the externalstorage interface 1426 can be configured to provide access to cloudstorage sources as if those sources were physically connected to thecomputer 1402.

The computer 1402 can be operable to communicate with any wirelessdevices or entities operatively disposed in wireless communication,e.g., a printer, scanner, desktop and/or portable computer, portabledata assistant, communications satellite, any piece of equipment orlocation associated with a wirelessly detectable tag (e.g., a kiosk,news stand, store shelf, etc.), and telephone. This can include WirelessFidelity (Wi-Fi) and BLUETOOTH® wireless technologies. Thus, thecommunication can be a predefined structure as with a conventionalnetwork or simply an ad hoc communication between at least two devices.

CONCLUSION

As it employed in the subject specification, the term “processor” canrefer to substantially any computing processing unit or devicecomprising, but not limited to comprising, single-core processors;single-processors with software multithread execution capability;multi-core processors; multi-core processors with software multithreadexecution capability; multi-core processors with hardware multithreadtechnology; parallel platforms; and parallel platforms with distributedshared memory in a single machine or multiple machines. Additionally, aprocessor can refer to an integrated circuit, a state machine, anapplication specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a digital signalprocessor (DSP), a programmable gate array (PGA) including a fieldprogrammable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic controller (PLC), acomplex programmable logic device (CPLD), a discrete gate or transistorlogic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designedto perform the functions described herein. Processors can exploitnano-scale architectures such as, but not limited to, molecular andquantum-dot based transistors, switches and gates, in order to optimizespace usage or enhance performance of user equipment. A processor mayalso be implemented as a combination of computing processing units. Oneor more processors can be utilized in supporting a virtualized computingenvironment. The virtualized computing environment may support one ormore virtual machines representing computers, servers, or othercomputing devices. In such virtualized virtual machines, components suchas processors and storage devices may be virtualized or logicallyrepresented. For instance, when a processor executes instructions toperform “operations”, this could include the processor performing theoperations directly and/or facilitating, directing, or cooperating withanother device or component to perform the operations.

In the subject specification, terms such as “datastore,” data storage,”“database,” “cache,” and substantially any other information storagecomponent relevant to operation and functionality of a component, referto “memory components,” or entities embodied in a “memory” or componentscomprising the memory. It will be appreciated that the memorycomponents, or computer-readable storage media, described herein can beeither volatile memory or nonvolatile storage, or can include bothvolatile and nonvolatile storage. By way of illustration, and notlimitation, nonvolatile storage can include ROM, programmable ROM(PROM), EPROM, EEPROM, or flash memory. Volatile memory can include RAM,which acts as external cache memory. By way of illustration and notlimitation, RAM can be available in many forms such as synchronous RAM(SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rateSDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), anddirect Rambus RAM (DRRAM). Additionally, the disclosed memory componentsof systems or methods herein are intended to comprise, without beinglimited to comprising, these and any other suitable types of memory.

The illustrated embodiments of the disclosure can be practiced indistributed computing environments where certain tasks are performed byremote processing devices that are linked through a communicationsnetwork. In a distributed computing environment, program modules can belocated in both local and remote memory storage devices.

The systems and processes described above can be embodied withinhardware, such as a single integrated circuit (IC) chip, multiple ICs,an ASIC, or the like. Further, the order in which some or all of theprocess blocks appear in each process should not be deemed limiting.Rather, it should be understood that some of the process blocks can beexecuted in a variety of orders that are not all of which may beexplicitly illustrated herein.

As used in this application, the terms “component,” “module,” “system,”“interface,” “cluster,” “server,” “node,” or the like are generallyintended to refer to a computer-related entity, either hardware, acombination of hardware and software, software, or software in executionor an entity related to an operational machine with one or more specificfunctionalities. For example, a component can be, but is not limited tobeing, a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, anexecutable, a thread of execution, computer-executable instruction(s), aprogram, and/or a computer. By way of illustration, both an applicationrunning on a controller and the controller can be a component. One ormore components may reside within a process and/or thread of executionand a component may be localized on one computer and/or distributedbetween two or more computers. As another example, an interface caninclude input/output (I/O) components as well as associated processor,application, and/or application programming interface (API) components.

Further, the various embodiments can be implemented as a method,apparatus, or article of manufacture using standard programming and/orengineering techniques to produce software, firmware, hardware, or anycombination thereof to control a computer to implement one or moreembodiments of the disclosed subject matter. An article of manufacturecan encompass a computer program accessible from any computer-readabledevice or computer-readable storage/communications media. For example,computer readable storage media can include but are not limited tomagnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic strips. . . ), optical discs (e.g., CD, DVD . . . ), smart cards, and flashmemory devices (e.g., card, stick, key drive . . . ). Of course, thoseskilled in the art will recognize many modifications can be made to thisconfiguration without departing from the scope or spirit of the variousembodiments.

In addition, the word “example” or “exemplary” is used herein to meanserving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any embodiment ordesign described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to beconstrued as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments ordesigns. Rather, use of the word exemplary is intended to presentconcepts in a concrete fashion. As used in this application, the term“or” is intended to mean an inclusive “or” rather than an exclusive“or.” That is, unless specified otherwise, or clear from context, “Xemploys A or B” is intended to mean any of the natural inclusivepermutations. That is, if X employs A; X employs B; or X employs both Aand B, then “X employs A or B” is satisfied under any of the foregoinginstances. In addition, the articles “a” and “an” as used in thisapplication and the appended claims should generally be construed tomean “one or more” unless specified otherwise or clear from context tobe directed to a singular form.

What has been described above includes examples of the presentspecification. It is, of course, not possible to describe everyconceivable combination of components or methods for purposes ofdescribing the present specification, but one of ordinary skill in theart may recognize that many further combinations and permutations of thepresent specification are possible. Accordingly, the presentspecification is intended to embrace all such alterations, modificationsand variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the appendedclaims. Furthermore, to the extent that the term “includes” is used ineither the detailed description or the claims, such term is intended tobe inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprising” as“comprising” is interpreted when employed as a transitional word in aclaim.

What is claimed is:
 1. A system, comprising: a processor; and a memorycoupled to the processor, comprising instructions that cause theprocessor to perform operations comprising: configuring a first numberof demodulation reference signal positions in radio resource controlinformation as part of a connection setup with a user equipment that isconfigured to facilitate first broadband cellular communications; afterattaching the user equipment, sending, to the user equipment, a mediumaccess control control element message indicative of modifying the firstnumber of demodulation reference signal positions to a second number ofdemodulation reference signal positions; and conducting second broadbandcellular communications with the user equipment according to the secondnumber of demodulation reference signal positions, wherein a throughputof the second broadband cellular communications is determined as afunction of a size of a transport block set based on the second numberof demodulation reference signal positions.
 2. The system of claim 1,wherein the operations further comprise: in response to sending, to theuser equipment, the medium access control control element message,receiving, from the user equipment, a hybrid automatic repeat requestmessage that acknowledges the medium access control control elementmessage.
 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the medium access controlcontrol element message indicates triggering activation of demodulationreference signal positions.
 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the mediumaccess control control element message indicates triggering deactivationof demodulation reference signal positions.
 5. The system of claim 1,wherein the operations further comprise: as part of the attaching theuser equipment, sending, to the user equipment, a radio resource controlsetup message that indicates support of modification of the first numberof demodulation reference signal positions after attaching.
 6. Thesystem of claim 5, wherein an information element of the radio resourcecontrol setup message indicates support of the modification of the firstnumber of demodulation reference signal positions after attaching. 7.The system of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise: beforesending, to the user equipment, the medium access control controlelement message indicative of modifying the first number of demodulationreference signal positions, receiving, from the user equipment, a userequipment capability message that indicates support for modification ofthe first number of demodulation reference signal positions afterattaching.
 8. The system of claim 7, wherein an information element ofthe user equipment capability message indicates the support for themodification of the first number of demodulation reference signalpositions after attaching.
 9. The system of claim 1, wherein theoperations further comprise: before sending, to the user equipment, themedium access control control element message indicative of modifyingthe first number of demodulation reference signal positions, sending, tothe user equipment, a radio resource control reconfiguration messagethat indicates support of modification of the first number ofdemodulation reference signal positions after attaching.
 10. The systemof claim 9, wherein a physical downlink shared channel configurationinformation element of the radio resource control reconfigurationmessage indicates support of the modification of the first number ofdemodulation reference signal positions in downlink communications. 11.The system of claim 9, wherein a physical uplink shared channelconfiguration information element of the radio resource controlreconfiguration message indicates support of the modification of thefirst number of demodulation reference signal positions in uplinkcommunications.
 12. A method, comprising: after attaching a userequipment that is configured to facilitate first broadband cellularcommunications, sending, by a system comprising a processor, and to theuser equipment, a medium access control control element messageindicative of a first number of demodulation reference signal positionsthat was established as part of a connection setup being modified to asecond number of demodulation reference signal positions; andconducting, by the system, broadband cellular communications with theuser equipment according to the second number of demodulation referencesignal positions.
 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the second numberof demodulation reference signal positions is configured for uplinkcommunications of the broadband cellular communications, and wherein thesending the message to the user equipment is performed in response toreceiving uplink data from the user equipment.
 14. The method of claim13, wherein the uplink data indicates that an uplink signal-to-noiseratio metric does not satisfy a threshold associated with apredetermined quality criterion for a defined amount of time, wherein acyclic redundancy check that corresponds to the uplink data has failedor is failing, wherein the uplink data indicates that the system isconnected to edge network equipment of a cellular network via which thebroadband cellular communications are conducted, or wherein the uplinkdata indicates that the system satisfies a defined physical movementcriterion.
 15. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprisinginstructions that, in response to execution, cause a system comprising aprocessor to perform operations, comprising: after attaching a userequipment that is configured to facilitate first broadband cellularcommunications, sending, to the user equipment, a medium access controlcontrol element message indicative of a modified number of demodulationreference signal positions that was established as part of a connectionsetup; and conducting broadband cellular communications with the userequipment according to the modified number of demodulation referencesignal positions.
 16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium ofclaim 15, wherein modifying the number of demodulation reference signalpositions is performed for downlink communications of the broadbandcellular communications, and wherein the sending, to the user equipment,the message is performed in response to receiving hybrid automaticfeedback that indicates failure or a channel quality indicator reportingmetric from the user equipment.
 17. The non-transitory computer-readablemedium of claim 16, wherein the channel quality indicator reportingmetric does not satisfy a threshold associated with a defined thresholdcriterion for a defined amount of time.
 18. The non-transitorycomputer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the hybrid automaticfeedback is being reported as a negative acknowledgement.
 19. Thenon-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein the hybridautomatic feedback is being reported as the negative acknowledgementbased on a block error rate metric satisfying a threshold associatedwith a defined threshold criterion for a defined amount of time, thatthere is a connection to edge network equipment of a cellular networkvia which the first broadband cellular communications are conducted, orthat a defined high mobility criterion is satisfied.
 20. Thenon-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein thebroadband cellular communications are second broadband cellularcommunications, wherein modifying the number of demodulation referencesignal positions comprises modifying the number of demodulationreference signal positions from a first number of demodulation referencesignal positions to a second number of demodulation reference signalpositions, and wherein a second throughput of the second broadbandcellular communications is less than a first throughput of a firstbroadband cellular communication that is conducted according to thefirst number of demodulation reference signal positions.